Overview

Identification

COUNTRY

Mongolia

TITLE

TUS 2019
 

Overview

ABSTRACT

Time Use Surveys (TUS) are one of the important sources of information used to determine the social, economic, and household contributions of women and men, and to include the value added produced by households in the system of national accounts. Therefore, the number of countries that conduct TUS on a regular basis is increasing year by year.

Needs of Time use survey

According to the Law on Statistics, stated Time use sample surveys shall be conducted every four years on quarterly basis, the National Statistics Office (NSO) successfully organized the fourth TUS with international methodology in 2019.

The survey provides an opportunity to assess the implementation and progress of the SDGs, taking into account the 5.4.1 indicator of the International Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) “Time spent on unpaid domestic and caregiving services”.

It also provides the information needed to develop and implement national policies that focus on reducing poverty and unemployment, developing the education and health sectors, investing in improving the supply and access to infrastructure and social services, and ensuring gender equality.

It also identifies the time spent by household members on unpaid labor, estimates the value added at the household level, provides the necessary data to the System of National Accounts (SNA), and provides numeric information needed for policy development.

The goal of the survey

The purpose of the TUS is to identify the activities of the population and to measure the time spent on them, and in this sense, the objectives of the study are defined as follows:

- To identify the lifestyle of the population and study its changes;

- To calculate the time spent on paid and unpaid labor by gender (Sustainable Development Goal 5.4.1); and

- To estimate the value added at household level.

UNITS OF ANALYSIS

Household, household members aged 12 years and above, and mother/caretakers of children under 5 years
 

Producers and Sponsors

PRIMARY INVESTIGATOR(S)

OTHER PRODUCER(S)

Metadata Production

METADATA PRODUCED BY

DATE OF METADATA PRODUCTION

2021-02-11

Sampling

Sampling Procedure

As the Time Use Survey is a household-based survey, the last-stage sample units are individual households. The sample size was set to be sufficiently representative to estimate population time use indicators at the national level, including urban, rural, and regional areas (Western, Khangai, Central, Eastern, and Ulaanbaatar).

Nationwide, 4,000 households were surveyed, and the number of households in each region was calculated using the square root biased sampling method. Because survey data is collected over four quarters, the sample size is evenly distributed over four quarters.

Multi-stage sampling method was used to select households. In the first round, 2 aimags were selected at random, representing 4 regions except Ulaanbaatar. The number of households selected from the aimags is shown in detail in Table 2.1. In the second stage, the primary sampling unit (PSU) was determined by a probability proportional to size sampling method. In the last stage, 20 households were selected from each PSU using a systematic sampling method. The sampling of households was based on the Population and Household Database as of the first week of March, June, September, and December, when quarterly data collection was conducted.

Data Collection

Data Collection Dates

Time Periods

DATA COLLECTION NOTES

The survey data collection was conducted quarterly and was conducted in the third week of March, June, September and December 2019. The survey data collection was led by the heads of the Statistics Departments of the selected aimags, and the household-based survey interviewers collected the data.
One of the goals of the TUS is to look at the differences in the work done by the population on different days of the week, so we had a time use diary kept by selected survey participants for a full week on a quarterly basis. The diary was kept by members of the selected households aged 12 and over. When having the diary kept, we divided the days of the week into three groups (1. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday; 2. Wednesday, Thursday; and 3. Friday, and Saturday) with equal numbers of households in each group.

The TUS used a mixed method of data collection. For example, a computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) was used to collect household information, and a combination of paper questionnaires and smartphone applications was used to keep diaries. When the diary was kept on a paper form, the interviewers coded the activities and typed the information on their tablets. However, in the case of keeping a diary using a smartphone application, it was transmitted to the NSO server by the individual interviewees. CSPro 7.0 (census and survey processing system) software was used for survey data collection. The development of the smartphone application used react native software for Android and iOS operating systems.

Data Processing

Data Editing

The database for quarterly data collection was submitted to the NSO by the 20th of the following month, and the NSO checked the consistency of the information and made the necessary corrections.
The NSO survey team reviewed the coding for activities in detail and finalized the results.
SPSS 24.0, a statistics software package used in the social sciences, was used to calculate and tabulate the survey results.